Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: Maternal-infant probiotic transmission mitigates early-life stress-induced autism in mice

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2456584

Figure Lengend Snippet: Probiotics improve brain immune homeostasis. (a) Representative images of brain sections with immunohistochemically labeled astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (b) Astrocyte complexity reflected by the area under the curve (AUC) for intersections of concentric rings radiating from the soma center (analyzing three neurons per treatment). **** p < 0.0001 by unpaired t-test. (c) Percentage of GFAP + cells ( n = 6/treatment), ^ p < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Benjamini and Hochberg FDR correction (^ Tukey’s post hoc comparison for significant interaction). (d) Representative images of brain sections with immunohistochemically labeled microglia (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) positive) in the hippocampus. (e) Percentage of IBA1 + cells ( n = 6/treatment), ^ p < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with FDR correction (^ Tukey’s post hoc comparison for significant interaction). (f) mRNA levels of hippocampal CD4 + T cell differentiation-related transcription factors ( n ≥ 10/treatment). * p < 0.05 by unpaired t-test. (G) Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels. ^^ p < 0.01, ^^^ p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA with FDR correction (^ Tukey’s post hoc comparison for significant interaction). (h) Serum corticosterone (CORT) levels. + p < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with FDR correction (+ Sidak’s post hoc comparison for MS main effect). (I and J) mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor gene ( Nr3c1 ) and mineralocorticoid receptor gene ( Nr3c2 ) in the hippocampus. + p < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with FDR correction (+ Sidak’s post hoc comparison for MS main effect).

Article Snippet: Measurement of serum corticosterone (CORT, Cat# KGE009, R&D Systems Inc., Minnesota, USA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α, Cat# MTA00B, R&D Systems Inc., Minnesota, USA), interleukin-10 (IL-10, Cat# M1000B, R&D Systems Inc., Minnesota, USA), and IL-17 (Cat# M1700, R&D Systems Inc., Minnesota, USA) was conducted using ELISA kits, following the manufacturer’s protocols (R&D Systems Inc., Minnesota, USA).

Techniques: Probiotics, Labeling, Comparison, Binding Assay, Cell Differentiation

Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives

Article Title: Two Hits of EDCs Three Generations Apart: Evaluating Multigenerational Anxiety-Like Behavioral Phenotypes in Female Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1221 and Vinclozolin

doi: 10.1289/EHP15621

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box-and-whisker plots for E 2 and CORT concentration data from each generation of behaviorally characterized female rats (F1, F3, F4, and F6). The horizontal lines indicate median scores, boxes represent upper and lower score quartiles and comprise 50% of the data, vertical whiskers represent the spread of data points outside of the upper and lower quartiles, and points represent potential outlier datapoints that fall 1.5 times above or below the main distribution. F1 rats exposed to A1221 had a significantly higher serum E 2 concentration in comparison with DMSO controls. (A) ** Tukey’s HSD: p = 0.002 ; and F3 paternal VIN rats had significantly lower serum E 2 concentration in comparison with DMSO controls. (C) ** Tukey’s HSD: p = 0.007 . (E,G) E 2 concentration was not different among any groups in the F4 and F6 generations, and (B,D,F,H) CORT was not different among any groups across all generations. Summary data can be found in Table S5. Note: A1221, Aroclor 1221; A/A, first exposure A1221/second exposure A1221; A/V, first exposure A1221/second exposure VIN; CORT, corticosterone; D/D, first exposure DMSO/second exposure DMSO; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; E 2 , estradiol; HSD, honestly significant difference; V/A, first exposure VIN/second exposure A1221; V/V, first exposure VIN/second exposure VIN; VIN, vinclozolin.

Article Snippet: Circulating serum corticosterone (CORT) was assayed from the same subset of rats and was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol (K014-H5; Arbor Assays) using a GlowMax Multi + detection system (Promega).

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives

Article Title: Two Hits of EDCs Three Generations Apart: Evaluating Multigenerational Anxiety-Like Behavioral Phenotypes in Female Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1221 and Vinclozolin

doi: 10.1289/EHP15621

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scatterplots with linear regression lines displaying the correlation between PC1 scores (behavior ratios) and standardized serum CORT concentrations ( z -scores). Each point represents an individual, colored according to their EDC treatment group. Regression lines indicate trends within each treatment group (shown on separate panels for clarity), highlighting variations in the relationship between behavioral components captured by PC1 and physiological responses measured by CORT. (A) Serum CORT explained 12.8% of the variation (adjusted R 2 ) in the PC1 scores of the F3 paternal line rats; 21.8% of the variation in the PC1 scores of the F4 paternal line rats with a significant and positive interaction between CORT and PC1 among the V/A-exposed rats. (B) ***Tukey’s HSD: p < 0.001 ; and 5.5% of the variation in the PC1 scores of the F6 maternal line rats with a significant and positive interaction between CORT and PC1 among the A1221/A1221-exposed rats. (C) **Tukey’s HSD: p = 0.009 . Summary data can be found in Table S6. Note: A1221, Aroclor 1221; A/A, first exposure A1221/second exposure A1221; A/V, first exposure A1221/second exposure VIN; CORT, corticosterone; D/D, first exposure DMSO/second exposure DMSO; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EDC, endocrine-disrupting chemical; HSD, honestly significant difference; PC1, Principal Component 1; V/A, first exposure VIN/second exposure A1221; V/V, first exposure VIN/second exposure VIN; VIN, vinclozolin.

Article Snippet: Circulating serum corticosterone (CORT) was assayed from the same subset of rats and was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol (K014-H5; Arbor Assays) using a GlowMax Multi + detection system (Promega).

Techniques:

Journal: IBRO Neuroscience Reports

Article Title: Ginkgolide B as a biopsychosocial treatment salvages repeated restraint stress-induced amygdalar anomalies in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ginkgolide B pre-treatment maintains body and organ weight change and reduces blood glucose and serum corticosterone concentration in RRS-induced mice. Change in body weight (a), brain weight (b), adrenal weight (c), blood glucose (d), and corticosterone (e). Data (mean ± SEM; n = 8) are considered significant at * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001 vs normal; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs RRS.

Article Snippet: Serum corticosterone (Oxford Biomedical Research (USA)), TNF-α, and IL-6 (BioLegend (USA)) , glutamate (Rocky Mountain Diagnostic, Colorado Springs, (USA)), MAPK (Biosciences, USA), COX-2, BDNF, Nrf-2 and BCL-2 (Elabscience Biotechnology (USA), and CREB (Ray Biotech Pvt.

Techniques: Concentration Assay